United States

North America

GDP (2025)
$30.50T
Population
346.0M
Baseline growth
3.5%
Reform scenario
20.0%

Growth Overview

The United States already operates at the technological frontier, but much of its physical economy remains under-automated. A civilizational-scale growth push would focus on automation, energy abundance, AI deployment, and physical infrastructure, allowing output to scale independently of labor.

A sustained step-change is plausible not through incremental efficiency, but through system-level transformation of how goods, energy, and services are produced—paired with an explicit plan to expand the effective workforce.

North Star: +50M Workforce at ~$500k GDP/Worker

Target over a decade: add 50 million net workers (or “effective workers”) and raise output so that each contributes ~$500,000 of GDP per year on average. That implies ~$25T of additional annual GDP capacity once scaled.

“Effective workers” includes both:

  • More people working (participation + immigration + healthspan).
  • More output per worker via software, automation, and AI.

Constraints

  • Physical infrastructure built for a lower-throughput economy.
  • Regulatory processes optimized for risk minimization, not scale.
  • Energy transmission as the primary bottleneck for AI and industry.
  • Large portions of logistics, construction, and manufacturing still labor-bound.
  • Health, caregiving, and housing constraints that reduce labor participation and mobility.

A 10-Year Workforce Expansion Plan (+50M)

1. High-Scale Legal Immigration + Fast Labor Market Absorption

  • A large, rules-based visa expansion focused on working-age entrants across skill bands.
  • Fast credential recognition and rapid pathways from arrival to employment.
  • Housing supply and infrastructure coordination so inflows translate into output, not scarcity.

2. Increase Prime-Age Participation

  • Childcare supply expansion and predictable family benefits (reduce “benefits cliffs”).
  • Zoning/permitting reform to unlock housing near job centers (mobility = matching = productivity).
  • Workforce re-entry pathways for caregivers and the long-term unemployed.

3. Extend Healthspan (Biotech as Labor Policy)

  • Compress morbidity: keep more people able to work into their 60s/70s by reducing chronic disease burden.
  • Faster translation from lab to clinic via adaptive trials and clearer regulatory pathways.
  • Scale biomanufacturing so therapeutics are not constrained by capacity.

4. Skill Conversion at Scale

  • Apprenticeship-style pipelines for technicians (grid, nuclear, robotics, datacenters, biomanufacturing).
  • Massive upskilling in software, AI tooling, and operations (turn every industry into a software-augmented industry).

Levers for Civilizational-Scale Growth (Productivity Engines)

1. Full Automation of the Physical Economy

  • Widespread deployment of industrial robotics in manufacturing, construction, agriculture, and warehousing.
  • AI-driven factories operating 24/7 with minimal human oversight.
  • Standardized, modular factory designs enabling rapid replication.

Example:

  • New automated manufacturing zones in the Midwest and Sun Belt producing vehicles, machinery, electronics, and industrial components with 5–10× output per worker.

2. Energy Abundance as a Strategic Objective

  • Treat electricity like 20th-century steel: a strategic growth input.
  • Build a national high-voltage transmission backbone.
  • Rapid deployment of:
    • advanced nuclear (SMRs),
    • enhanced geothermal,
    • large-scale solar + storage,
    • gas with carbon capture where needed.

Target:

  • 20–30× increase in electricity generation over 20 years.
  • Structural reduction in industrial and compute energy costs.

3. Software + AI as a Universal Productivity Layer

  • Embed AI into:
    • engineering design,
    • software development,
    • legal and compliance workflows,
    • scientific research,
    • logistics and operations.
  • Shift regulation from model-centric to deployment-centric: allow rapid real-world use with monitoring, not pre-emptive restriction.

Effect:

  • 10–30% annual productivity gains across white-collar and technical sectors.
  • Faster innovation cycles in every industry.

4. Biotech: Faster Discovery, Cheaper Cures, More Years of Productive Life

  • “Compute + wet lab” acceleration: automate experiments and use AI for design-of-experiments.
  • Modernize clinical trials (adaptive designs, decentralized recruitment, better endpoints).
  • Industrialize biology: standardized biofoundries and domestic biomanufacturing.

Outcomes:

  • Higher labor participation via healthspan.
  • Large export industries in therapeutics, diagnostics, and biomanufacturing.
  • Faster diffusion of productivity improvements (e.g., fewer missed workdays, lower caregiver burden).

5. Automated Ports and Logistics Megahubs

  • Convert underutilized federal and former military land into automated ports and logistics hubs.

First target: West Coast Megahub

  • Former Alameda Naval Air Station redeveloped into a fully automated Pacific logistics hub:
    • autonomous cranes,
    • robotic container handling,
    • AI-coordinated rail and truck dispatch,
    • direct integration with West Coast manufacturing clusters.

Design pattern (what makes it “a megahub”):

  • Deep automation: cranes, yard moves, gate operations, inventory, inspections.
  • Rail-first geometry: on-dock rail + unit-train staging to move containers inland fast.
  • Energy + compute: on-site substations, storage, and datacenter capacity to run robotics + AI.
  • Customs + compliance at speed: pre-clearance workflows, imaging, and automated audits.
  • Manufacturing adjacency: colocate light assembly, packaging, and repair to capture value-add.

Proximity to the Bay Area + Silicon Valley enables rapid iteration on automation tech and AI systems with large pool of engineering and entrepreneurial talent.

Replication candidates (Texas + Northeast):

Texas (Gulf Coast)

  • Port of Houston / Bayport–Barbours Cut: expand toward a “24/7 automated terminal” model and link to inland ports via dedicated rail corridors; pair with large distribution + light manufacturing zones in the Houston metro.
  • Freeport (Port Freeport) + Brazoria County: use industrial land near petrochemical corridors to build an automated container + bulk interface, then push throughput inland via rail to Dallas–Fort Worth logistics clusters.
  • Corpus Christi (energy export complex): add a complementary container/ro-ro automation layer to capitalize on existing energy export infrastructure and create a high-throughput coastal-industrial node.

Northern East Coast

  • Newark/Elizabeth (Port Newark–Elizabeth, NJ): modernize yards with automated stacking and autonomous drayage inside the port; improve rail and gate throughput to reduce metro congestion.
  • Philadelphia/Camden (Navy Yard + Delaware River terminals): convert underused waterfront and industrial land into an automated, rail-connected logistics/manufacturing campus tied to the I‑95 corridor.
  • New Bedford/Fall River (South Coast MA) or Providence area: smaller but strategic “feeder” automation hubs connecting regional manufacturing to the main NYC/NJ gateway without adding road congestion.

Result:

  • Lower import/export costs.
  • Faster capital turnover.
  • Increased global trade throughput.
  • Faster disaster-response and strategic logistics capacity with self-sustainable energy sources.

6. Autonomous Transportation Corridors

  • Dedicated interstate freight corridors for autonomous trucks.
  • Automated rail for bulk goods.
  • Drone-based last-mile logistics in dense urban areas.

Impact:

  • Lower logistics costs across all industries.
  • Reduced labor bottlenecks.
  • Faster national supply chain response.

7. Construction and Housing Automation (So Growth Doesn’t Hit a Housing Wall)

  • Factory-built, modular housing produced by robotic systems.
  • Automated construction techniques reducing build times by 50–70%.
  • Zoning and permitting reform to allow scale deployment.

Effect:

  • Lower housing costs.
  • Higher labor mobility.
  • Faster urban growth without price explosions.

Scenario Intuition

Under the baseline, the US grows through incremental innovation and services expansion, sustaining ~2% real growth.

Under a coordinated workforce expansion + software + biotech + automation + energy strategy:

  • Physical output scales faster than labor.
  • The labor force expands materially, raising the ceiling on aggregate output.
  • Capital intensity rises, but unit costs fall.
  • Productivity gains compound across sectors.

Over a decade, these dynamics plausibly support a ~20% increase in real GDP above baseline, not via austerity or redistribution, but via expanded productive capacity.

This is less an economic adjustment and more a phase change in how the economy operates.

Industries

  • Advanced & Automated Manufacturing

    Current share of GDP: 11.0%

    Bottlenecks: Low automation density relative to frontier potential, Fragmented supply chains, Underinvestment in domestic capex

    Levers: Full-scale robotics adoption, AI-driven design, QA, and logistics, Re-shoring with automated factories

    The US can dramatically expand output by decoupling manufacturing growth from labor growth via robotics and AI-native factories.

  • Energy (Electricity, Fuels, Grid)

    Current share of GDP: 8.0%

    Bottlenecks: Transmission constraints, Permitting delays, Fragmented grid governance

    Levers: Massive grid buildout, Advanced nuclear, geothermal, renewables, Cheap electricity as an industrial input

    Abundant, cheap electricity is the single highest-leverage input for AI, manufacturing, and automation.

  • Artificial Intelligence & Compute

    Current share of GDP: 4.0%

    Bottlenecks: Compute scarcity, Energy constraints, Regulatory uncertainty

    Levers: Hyperscale datacenter buildout, Domestic chip manufacturing, AI-first regulation focused on deployment

    AI acts as a general-purpose productivity multiplier across all sectors.

  • Logistics, Ports, and Transportation

    Current share of GDP: 9.0%

    Bottlenecks: Manual ports and rail operations, Aging infrastructure, Slow intermodal transfer

    Levers: Fully automated ports, Autonomous rail and trucking corridors, AI-based routing and scheduling

    Logistics productivity compounds across the entire economy by lowering costs everywhere.